A 3D pen lets people draw objects in three dimensions by heating and extruding plastic, much like a glue gun. Users do not need software or technical setups. The device appeals to those who enjoy creativity, hands-on learning, or playful activities.
- The global 3D pen market reached USD 215.6 million in 2024.
- Experts expect the market to grow at a rate of 17.4% each year, reaching USD 712.3 million by 2033.
Key Takeaways
- A 3D pen allows users to create three-dimensional objects by extruding heated plastic, making it accessible for beginners and creative projects.
- Using a 3D pen can enhance spatial reasoning and creativity, benefiting students and artists by transforming flat sketches into sculptures.
- 3D pens serve practical purposes too, such as repairing broken items and filling gaps in 3D printed models, offering a strong alternative to traditional adhesives.
3D Pen Basics
What Is a 3D Pen
A 3D pen is a handheld device that allows users to draw three-dimensional objects by extruding heated plastic. The pen works in a way similar to a glue gun, but instead of glue, it uses plastic filaments. When the user presses a button, the pen heats the filament and pushes it out through a nozzle. The plastic cools quickly, allowing the user to build shapes and structures in mid-air or on a surface. Unlike 3D printers, a 3D pen does not require any software, digital files, or complex setup. This simplicity makes it accessible to beginners, children, and anyone interested in creative projects. The first 3D printing pen, known as the 3Doodler, introduced this technology to the public and inspired many new designs.
The extrusion process in a 3D pen and a glue gun is similar in that both devices heat plastic and extrude it for drawing or application. However, the method of feeding the material differs slightly, as a glue gun requires modifications to use PLA.
How It Works
A 3D pen operates using several key components and mechanisms. The pen takes in plastic filaments or rods, usually made from materials like PLA or ABS. Inside the pen, a feeding mechanism, often a worm drive, grips the filament and pulls it toward a heated nozzle. The nozzle heats the plastic to its melting point, allowing it to flow smoothly as the user draws.
|
Component |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Feeding Mechanism |
The filament is drawn through the pen by means of a worm drive, which has a sharp edge to grip the filament. |
|
Heating Process |
The pen heats the filament before it is extruded through the nozzle, which is on the central axis of the pen. |
|
Filament Types |
Common filaments include PLA and ABS, which melt at different temperatures (PLA at ~190°C, ABS at ~225°C). |
The pen features a speed control slider, which lets users adjust how fast the plastic comes out. This control helps with precision and detail. The tip of the pen heats up quickly, often in about one minute, so users can start drawing soon after turning it on. Maintenance is straightforward because the device has fewer moving parts than a 3D printer. Most issues, such as a clogged nozzle or overheating, can be fixed by cleaning the nozzle or letting the pen cool down.
Materials
The most common materials for a 3D pen are plastic filaments. Each type of filament has unique properties and melting temperatures.
- PLA (Polylactic Acid): Biodegradable, low melting temperature (180-220°C), minimal warping, but brittle.
- ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): Strong, durable, high-temperature resistant (210-250°C), but emits fumes and can warp.
- PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-Modified): Durable, flexible, impact-resistant (220-250°C), but can be more expensive.
- TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): Highly flexible, abrasion-resistant, but challenging to work with.
- Nylon: Extremely strong, flexible, but requires high temperatures (240-260°C).
- PCL (Polycaprolactone): Low melting temperature (60-70°C), biodegradable, safe for children, but limited strength.
|
Filament Type |
Melting Temperature (C) |
Melting Temperature (F) |
|---|---|---|
|
PLA |
356-374 |
|
|
ABS/FLEXY |
200-220 |
392-428 |
Many filaments come in a wide range of colors. For example, ABS and PLA are available in at least 10 colors each, with PLA often sold in longer lengths per color. Specialty filaments, such as glow-in-the-dark or metallic, offer even more creative options.
- PLA is made from renewable resources like cornstarch or sugarcane and is biodegradable under industrial composting conditions.
- ABS is derived from petroleum and is non-biodegradable, making it less environmentally friendly than PLA.
Tip: Always use the correct filament type and temperature for your 3D pen to avoid clogs and ensure smooth operation.
Safety remains important when using a 3D pen. Users should avoid touching the hot nozzle and work in a well-ventilated area, especially when using ABS, which can emit fumes. Children should use pens designed for their age group and always have adult supervision.
3D Pen Uses
Creative Projects
Artists and hobbyists use a 3D pen to create impressive works. According to user surveys, popular projects include full-size cars, high-end fashion items, and mixed media art that blends 3D doodles with other materials. Some artists have even built complete basilicas, showing the wide range of possibilities. A 3D pen lets users draw in three dimensions, which traditional art tools cannot achieve. This tool allows for the creation of complex geometric shapes, such as cones, fractals, and spirals based on mathematical sequences. By transforming flat sketches into sculptures, the 3D pen opens new paths for creativity and exploration.
3D sketching tools activate brain areas linked to spatial reasoning and creativity. This means that using a 3D pen can help people think more visually and solve problems in new ways.
Repairs and Practical Uses
Many people use a 3D pen for repairs around the home or in DIY projects. It can fix broken plastic items and fill gaps in 3D printed models. Some users report that repairs made with a 3D pen are so strong they cannot pull them apart. This makes the tool a durable alternative to glue or other adhesives.
Who Uses 3D Pens
Students, teachers, artists, and engineers all benefit from using a 3D pen. In schools, teachers use these pens to increase engagement and help students build models for science and math lessons. Students improve their spatial awareness and fine motor skills by working with three-dimensional objects. The 3D pen also encourages teamwork through group projects and interactive lessons. Artists and designers use it to express ideas in new forms, while hobbyists enjoy experimenting with creative and practical tasks.
A 3D pen offers many benefits for students and creators. Users report increased engagement and focus, as shown below:
|
Benefit |
Description |
|---|---|
|
Increased Student Engagement |
Students enjoyed using the 3D pen, leading to more time spent on exercises and additional work. |
|
Catering to Different Learners |
The pen helped bridge the gap between convergent and divergent thinkers in subjects like Physics. |
|
Enhanced Focus for ADHD Students |
Evidence suggested improved focus and concentration levels for students diagnosed with ADHD. |
Starter kits remain affordable for beginners:
|
Product Name |
Price |
|---|---|
|
SCRIB3D P1 3D Printing Pen |
$39.99 |
|
3Doodler Start+ Essentials 3D Printing Pen Set |
$60.00 |
New users can find helpful guides and stencils online:
Tip: Start with simple projects to build skills and confidence.
FAQ
How safe is a 3D pen for children?
A 3D pen designed for children includes safety features. Adult supervision ensures safe use. Children should avoid touching the hot nozzle.
Can a 3D pen work on any surface?
A 3D pen works best on smooth, heat-resistant surfaces. Glass, metal, or special drawing mats provide the best results.
What should users do if the pen clogs?
Tip: Let the pen cool, then remove the filament gently. Clean the nozzle with the tool provided. Regular cleaning prevents most clogs.
